Recommended · for some experience
3.1 PV panel Spice model and simulation
Why people recommend it
University lecture building a SPICE model of a PV panel from a current source and diode; people point to it for setting saturation current and plotting power curves.
Watch for: the explanation of the diode parameters, not just the schematic
In their words
The subcircuit is of a single cell and the main circuit is for series connected cells.
eeegem on electronics.stackexchange.com, Nov 2020. CC BY-SA.
This video 1 says the Short Circuit value is 'very close' to the value of the Current Source and this video 2 says it's 'most strongly' the Diode Saturation Current.
formerlolz on electronics.stackexchange.com, May 2023. CC BY-SA.
I just watched the video you hinted at ([video]), and he explains much of the questions you asked.
Ste Kulov on electronics.stackexchange.com, Oct 2020. CC BY-SA.